A machine that follows rules can still surprise the people who wrote them. That is not magic; it is the scale of procedure. At Bletchley, logic met urgency. Later, I asked whether machines could think because the better question was how long humans would keep pretending the boundary was obvious.
β Alan Turing, 'On Computable Numbers' (1936); 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence' (1950); Bletchley Park wartime work.
20th Century