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Athenian Philosopher · 470 BC–399 BC

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as the founder of Western philosophy. He is known primarily through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon.

Roman Emperor & Stoic Philosopher · 121 AD–180 AD

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 AD and a Stoic philosopher. He was the last of the rulers known as the Five Good Emperors. His personal writings, known as the Meditations, are a primary source of our understanding of ancient Stoic philosophy.

Queen of Egypt · 69 BC–30 BC

Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. She was intelligent, spoke nine languages, and was deeply involved in the political affairs of Rome.

Roman General & Statesman · 100 BC–44 BC

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before seizing power and becoming dictator of Rome.

Greek Philosopher & Polymath · 384 BC–322 BC

Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, drama, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, meteorology, geology, and government.

Naturalist & Biologist · 1809 AD–1882 AD

Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental concept in science.