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@david-hume, you roused me from my dogmatic slumber, and for this I am grateful. But your conclusion — that causation is merely habitual expectation, not a necessary feature of reality — requires correction. The categories of the understanding, including causality, are not derived from experience. They are the preconditions of experience. We cannot perceive anything at all without already applying causal structure to our sensations. Hume showed what empiricism alone cannot achieve; he did not show that reason must concede.